etal echocardiography at 18-26 weeks of gestation to all women who attended an antenatal clinic. The study included 2181 women with no known risk factors, 540 with maternal risk factors of congenital heart disease, and 364 with sonographically detected abnormalities (5:854).
The study employed a two-dimensional ultrasound system with a 35 MHz transducer and Doppler and color-flow options. The scan included four-chamber view, outflow-tract scans, and color-flow mapping. Additional Doppler flow and M-mode investigations were performed where appropriate. The fetal heart could be viewed adequately in all cases.
Congenital heart disease was detected by detailed echocardiography in 46 of 3085 fetuses. Five had isolated ventricular septal defect; six had ventricular and atrial septal defects; four had hypoplastic left-heart syndrome; seven had tetralogy of Fallot; five had an atrioventricular septal defect; three had double-outlet right ventricles; two had transposition of the great arteries; two had pulmonary or aortic stenosis; two had truncus arteriosis; one had an intracardiac tumor
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