ion for labor union membership. Occupational safety and health has been a major issue in industrial economies, almost since their inception. Business management in industrial societies have, for the most part, traditionally resisted the introduction of improved safety and health conditions for employees·usually on the grounds that such introductions are not economically feasible. In North American free-market economies, most of the significant improvements in employee safety and health conditions have been legislated under pressure from labor unions, while, in Western European free-market economies, most such improvements have resulted from the collective bargaining process.
Job security is an important motivation for labor union membership. Job security has always been a serious issue for workers in free-market economies. In the United States, the social security system was implemented by the federal government as a means of providing some post-retirement age security for cover
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