Nursing Group Project

In this small group, a gestalt-existential theoretical framework is the appropriate analytical tool (Janosik & Phipps, 1986, p. 48). The group concentrated its efforts on the project at hand (developing a presentation), and focused little on previous history or activity. Objections and resistance was overcome as members worked to achieve a specific goal, but the focus of the group was on changing behavior which impeded progress, not on analyzing the root causes of that behavior, as would be typical in a psychoanalytic framework context. The leader used direct confrontation to expose resistance, and the participants identified ways in which different approaches could be tried in order to arrive at a new and workable solution.

The purpose of the group was to put together a group presentation for a class project. The presentation would be given before the entire class, and would focus on a topic of general interest to other nurses. Each of the members was interested in preparing a presentation which would be effective and communicate the information well, but there were differing individual goals, with two group members more concerned with the grade that they received on the project than the third. For the third member, the grade was of secondary importance; the overriding goal for this member was to produce a feeling of self-satisfaction based on having worked together to create a presentation which satisfied her personal stan

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e to contribute ideas and suggest changes. As a result, the group was able to accomplish its tasks in a manner which was nonthreatening and productive. There were times, however, when the group would move off-track and when the members would socialize excessively. While this can help build group cohesiveness, it can also detract from the productivity of the group, and there were times when group sessions were concluded with a strong sense of frustration that the group did not accomplish as much as it could have at that time. Group Developmental Phases The three stages of group development (initial, middle and final) (Janosik & Phipps, 1986, p. 77) through which this group passed were nearly textbook in their manifestations. The initial phase was characterized by inclusion (since there were only three members and this was a task-oriented group) and the establishment of the power dynamics among the members. In the middle stage, the group defined its primary goal and secondary objectives required to reach that goal, and in the final stage, the group set the environment by which it can evaluate the results of its effort and dissolve. If the group did not have a specific task, the group development might have been more convolut

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