nants.
Physical addiction is the dependence of one upon a habit-forming substance, so characterized by the creation of a tolerance for the substance, as well as scientifically well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal. With Methamphetamine, the drug physiologically:
has potent [Central Nervous System] CNS stimulant as well as strong peripheral sympathetic activity. The CNS effects of methamphetamine are thought to be due to release of the biogenic amines, norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin from presynaptic storage sites while the peripheral effects are thought to be caused by release of norepinephrine from sympathetic neurons. (Manoguerra, 2000)
The substance Methamphetamine may be taken through ingestion, insufflated, by smoking or via injection by needle. Active onset is dependent upon the route of substance exposure and by the duration of the action. Affect may take from 6 to 8 hours or longer. Meth substance users will experience CNS stimulation that is accompanied by euphoria coupled with aggressive behavior. Chronic users rapidly develop tolerance to the substance. The chronic user will also experience anxiety, delirium, hallucinations, paranoia, fatigue and depression as tolerance enhanced.
Overdose toxicity is an extension of the drug's pharmacology producing seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, hyperthermia and vasospasm. These disorders may also lead to ischemia of the heart, kidneys, brain and other organs. In an overdose situation, physical restraint is to be avoided and benzodiazepines are to be used. These drugs will control the user's agitation and seizures. Hyperthermia is frequent, rapid and fatal and a complication that must be recognized and managed immediately. Adequate sedation will lower heart rate and blood pressure but some cases will exhibit the short acting 13 adrenergic blocking agents and in such instances, vasodilators may be needed. Following severe agitation and ...