in any particular situation (Bolman & Deal, 1991, p. 267).
In government organizations, leaders are necessary to convey the vision of the elected officials or of the official policy which the employees are committed to implementing. Managers help to administrate these policies, but leaders, both in the form of elected officials as well as managers, are necessary to ensure that the political mission is understood at all levels of the organization.
Today's managers have a more complex role than managers of previous eras. They must balance a highly regulated work environment with the needs of a diverse group of workers, many of whom have conflicting personal and career goals. Added to this is the high pace of technological change and the large amount of information which must be generated and disseminated among subordinates and superiors.
Transactional leadership suggests that leaders respond to lower level subordinate basic and security needs (Deluga & Souza, 1991, p. 50). Leaders and subordinates ar
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