The Nature of Leadership

Transactional leadership suggests that leaders respond to lower level subordinates' basic and security needs (Kouzes, 2003). Leaders and subordinates are viewed as bargaining agents where relative power regulates an exchange process as benefits are issued and received. There are two types of behavioral patterns used in transactional leadership: passive and active. The passive style is described as management by exception where employees do not receive notice for their positive contributions to the organization, but instead are paid attention by their manager only when an error or problem arises. Punishment or disciplinary acthon is often the medium used in this approach. Active transactional leadership uses contingent rewards. With this approach, employees are praised for their performance and may be eligible for pay increases or other incentives (Flannery, 1996).

. . .
cans believe that leaders are born, not made, or that circumstances may cause a particular individual to assume a leadership role that otherwise would escape him or her, many executives believe that leadership can be taught. In a study from the early 2000s, 81 percent of chief information officers surveyed were of the opinion that leadership can be taught, and 47 percent have participated in management leadership programs at their current employer ("Research," 2003). It is this belief that organizational leadership can be taught that has given rise to corporate leadership training as well as degrees in leadership at the college level. Organizations are willing to spend a considerable amount of their resources in an effort to train their managers to become leaders. In 2000, it was estimated that more than $50 billion was spend on corporate leadership development programs (Ready & Conger, 2003). If organizations did not believe that they were receiving an appropriate return on this investment, they would not be committing these levels of resources. However, it is difficult to measure the effectiveness of leadership training since leadership itself is believed to be a "soft" skill. Nonetheless, there are some techniques that h
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
Ready Conger, LEADERSHIP Transactional, LEVELS Leaders, REALITIES Organizations, Kennedy Khrushchev, LEADERS Attempting, ORGANIZATIONS Americans, CEO Disney, CONCLUSION Leaders, INTRODUCTION Leadership, effective leaders, levels organization, leadership training, transactional leadership, middle managers, leaders able, kouzes 2003, workplace training, leaders subordinates, flannery 1996, ready conger 2003, characteristics effective leaders, types workplace training, communication skills level, organizations effective leaders,
Approximate Word count = 2493
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)

More Essays on The Nature of Leadership