is much more recent in origin, relies--no matter what the sect--on the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet in the Qur'an, which is undoubtedly the most studied and recited text in history.
Buddhism derives directly from the observation of the prevalence and inevitability of human suffering made by Siddhattha Gotama, a member of a ruling family in what is now Nepal. Gotama, who became one of the long line of Buddhas when he reached enlightenment, observed the fact that human beings are born "only to suffer sickness, the decrepitude of old age, and eventually death" and he contrasted this suffering with the goals of the sramanas, wandering religious men who "dedicated [themselves] to the pursuit of the ascetic life in order to find some way of release from the apparent futility of life."
The sufferings of humanity in this world were called the dukkha and, more than just illness and death, it was Gotama's horror at "the vanity of egoistic and sensual pursuits and [at] the universality of mutability and disquiet, strife, and suffering" that started him on his spiritual quest for transcendence. The dukkha is not limited to mere physical or emotional suffering and the concepts of "ill" or "disvalue" more accurately reflect the fact that the impact of dukkha "is registered not by feelings but by spiritual insight."
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