xceptional circumstances. The critical issue in each case therefore becomes whether a search is unreasonable under the fourth Amendment. The Supreme Court has found that blood, breathalyzer, and urine tests are all Fourth Amendment searches. The Court has found that the suspicionless testing of employees who apply for promotion to positions directly involving the interdiction of drugs or where there is a necessity to carry firearms is reasonable--this applies to employees of the U.S. Treasury, for instance. Current and prehire employees thus could be subjected to testing if there is a compelling government interest, and public employees in law enforcement or public safety can thus be tested. Mass or random drug testing for public employees is a different issue and has been prohibited by some court decisions.
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