has not become completely disillusioned with free market reform (Nor ton, 1990). The second phase of reform will involve primarily the massive privatization of state owned industrial enterprises (Norton, 1990).
Most western aid to Poland has been humanitarian (food shipments, as an example), as opposed to that designed to pro mote economic reform and development, and what economic aid has been provided has been woefully inadequate with respect to what is required (Lemaitre, 1989). The European Economic Community committed itself to provide US$118.5 million in food, plus US$23 million for transportation of the food to Poland 3(Lemaitre, 1989). The food is provided to Poland at no charge; however, the Polish government will sell the food to the Polish population, and use the proceeds to modernize Polish agricul ture (Lemaitre, 1989).
The United States has also committed itself to provide US$50 million in surplus grain fodder to Poland, as well as a paltry US$9 million in direct economic assistance (Lemaitre, 1989). The Polish government contends that it requires an additional US$2 billion in food aid through the end of 1991 (Lemaitre, 1989).
In the United States, a New York City located private foundation is providing the funding for economic advice pro vided to Poland by Harvard economics professor Jeffrey Sachs (Norton, 1990). The economic reforms initiated by the Polish government are largely the work of Sachs (Norton, 1990).
The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and governments of western countries have committed themselves to providing Poland with approximately US$2 billion over the 1991 1994 time period, while, simultaneously, deferring approxi mately US$1.5 billion per year in payments on Poland's foreign debt (Norton, 1990). Additionally, 15 western countries, including the United States, are providing Poland with a US$1 billion loan to be used in the stabilization of the zloty (Nor ton, 1990).
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