Managerial Stress Management Program
INTRODUCTION
This study examined the
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This study examined the effects of a stress management intervention program for managerial personnel in private sector organizations in the Republic of China, hereinafter referred to as Taiwan. Prior to stating the problem investigated in this study, the significance of stress in the organizational environment is established (the phenomenon of stress is examined in greater detail in the literature review), and background information on Taiwan and its economy is provided, as a means of explaining how the country's economic development often creates stressful situations for many of the country's business managers. The Significance of Stress in theOrganizational Environment The phenomenon of stress is defined as "a state of tension, strain, or pressure" (Selye, 1974, p. 312). Stress is a "normal reaction resulting from the interaction between an individual and the environment" (Selye, 1974, p. 312). Reactions to stress may produce either positive or negative results, depending upon the causes of the stress, other factors present in an environment, and characteristics of affected individuals. The phenomenon of stress is recognized as a major contributor to the onset of significant physical and mental health problems in the lives of individuals (Maes, Vingerhoets, and Heck, 1987, pp. 567 587; Hinkle, 1987, pp. 561 566). Since the late 1970s, stress has also been increasingly implicated as an adverse factor in areas of life other than physic
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d with illness by 70 percent of the clients in the succeeding year (Rabkin and Struening, 1976, pp. 31 54).
The SRRS weighted life changes according to gravity. The death of a spouse was accorded greater weight than was retirement from a job, as an example. It is significant to note that positive as well as negative life changes were included in the SRRS. The SRRS research recognized that stressors came in many forms (Holmes and Rahe, 1976, pp. 246 277). The weighting of life event changes was designed to demonstrate the magnitude of stress outcomes which could be anticipated (Anderson, 1978, pp. 58 67).
While the SRRS studies provided valuable insights into the relationship between stress and life events, the studies were often statistically flawed (Rabkin and Struening, 1976, pp. 31 54). Thus, while the relationships developed in the studies are generally theoretically valid, the precise quantitative indicators are not. In many of the studies, relationships were found to be statistically significant, but with quite low correlations (Rabkin and Struening, 1976, pp. 31 54). Therefore, while causal relationships may be demonstrated between life event changes and stress outcomes, the relationships are often insufficientl
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Parasuraman Alutto, Spendlove Clark, Francis Milburn, World Bank, Gaines Jermier, Pritchard Ilgen, Literature Selye's, Duffy MacDonald, United Taiwanese, Rabkin Struening, 1984 pp, air traffic, stress outcomes, macbride 1984, 1984 pp 1 24, pp 1 24, macbride 1984 pp, stress management, levels stress, business managers, occupational stress, traffic controllers, air traffic controllers, parasuraman alutto 1984, alutto 1984 pp,
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Approximate Pages = 38 (250 words per page)
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INTRODUCTION
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