plan investigated by Christner (1990) was found to be associated with increased student achievement in most academic areas including reading and math. Other indicators of program success included: (1) improved student attendance; (2) improved teacher attendance; (3) increasingly favorable parental opinions; (4) increasingly favorable staff opinions; and (5) decline in teacher transfer rates.
Akin (1987) evaluated a compensatory education program offered in Alexandria, Virginia schools during the 1985-1986 school year. The program was designed to improve the academic performance of the city's Black students. The main elements of the designed program included: (1) a writing and reading program for Kindergarten and grade one; (2) instructional aides for grade one; (3) language programs for elementary school students; (4) study skill courses for grades six through ten; and (5) parent education programs. Akin (1987) concluded that:
. . .the scores for Blacks showed some improvement in all but two grades but there was statistical evidence that the rise in sc
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