Benefits of Cooperative Learning
INTRODUCTION
This research compares and co
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This research compares and contrasts the views of differ ent authorities on the benefits of cooperative learning. The concept of cooperative learning is described, and the benefits of its application are reviewed. No consideration is given to the opinions of those professionals who hold negative opinions of the concept.Cooperative learning is an alternative procedure to con ventional modes of learning, and is a practical application of collaborative learning theory (Reagan, 1989). Under the cooperative learning concept, students are assigned to groups which are composed of average, low achieving, and gifted learners, and mainstreamed students, if any of the latter hap pen to be in the class (Kagan, 1989 1990b). Different cooperative learning groups are typically assigned for the different topics of instruction presented to a class (Edwards, & Stout, 1989 1990). Within each group, the students cooperate in the learning process, with the students who grasp the material providing assistance to those students experiencing more difficulty in comprehending that which is being taught (Ellis, 1989 1990). 1 2 Most studies reported in the literature indicate that cooperative learning produces superior results with respect to learning outcomes (Shanker, 1990). The benefits attributed to the cooperative learning concept range from acquiring specific skills, such as reading and mathematical, to the development of s
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ts in cooperative learning groups were more active learners, more motivated, and more enthuiastic about mathematics than were students in achievement groups. Slavin (1989 1990a) found that team assisted individualization, the euphemistic designation of a cooperative learning applica tion in mathematics instruction, led to more rapid comprehen sion of mathematical concepts.
4. Learning outcomes in elementary school science instruction is improved (Hannigan, 1989 1990). This applica tion of the cooperative learning concept in elementary school science emphasizes concrete experiences, and provided students with opportunities to observe phenomena (Hannigan, 1989 1990). It was found that the cooperative learning concept enhanced children's abilities to construct knowledge (Hannigan, 1989 1990).
5. Social skills, conflict settlement, and group cooperation are fostered (Johnson, & Johnson, 1989 1990). This application of the cooperative learning concept demonstrated that, as people do not know instinctively how to interact effectively with others, they must learn to know and to trust one another, communicate accurately and unambigously, accept and support one another, and to resolve conflicts 4constructively before meaningf
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