TQM in Electronic Manufacture This paper presents a d

Product quality came to the forefront in the American economy in the late1980s, as the top managements in American companies learned that American product quality was generally perceivedby Americans and foreign consumers aliketo be inferior to products from other countriesparticularly Germany and Japan.

Retention of a company's customer base is just one advantage associated with improved quality. Operating profits may be expected to improve along with productivity, as quality levels rise (Hammonds and DeGeorge, 1991, p. 34). "Companies that embrace quality have an edge of up to 10( on every sales dollar over rivals," according to General Systems Co. management (Hammonds and DeGeorge, 1991, p. 35). The general estimate is that profitability rises after each customer retention rate increase of fivepercent (Armstrong and Symonds, 1991, p. 102). Improved customer satisfaction is the route to greater customer retention, and, in the 1990s, greater product quality is the

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ement for everyone in the organization. This point is a part of TQM. 14. Put everybody in the company to work on accomplishing the desired transformation. This point is a part of TQM. A team culture is an essential in a TQM system for an engineeringbased organization (Magrath, 1992, p. 54). There is no room in a TQM organization for the manager who reserves all decisions for herself or himself (Knotts, 1992, pp. 4446). Active employee involvement is essential if a quality program based on the TQM concept is to succeed within any type of organization (Bahls, 1992, pp. 1620). II. CRITICAL CONTEXT The external frame of references applied to evaluate TQM as a means of achieving quality assurance engineering in electronics manufacture is the critical need for improved productivity in American industry. Productivity is a major concern in contemporary organizations. High levels of uncertainty in the general economy, intense competitionboth domestic and foreign, high human resource costs, and other factors cause it to be imperative for management in contemporary organizations to attain and maintain highlevels of operating efficiency. The general thesis of this study is that (1) deteriorating product quality has resul
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Approximate Word count = 2867
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)