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Public Sector in Saudi Arabia INTRODUCTION Introduction and Purpo

on as opposed to the development of strategies designed to promote higher levels of job satisfaction, this early work is seldom consulted today.

Pioneering work linking motivation to job performance and job satisfaction was conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, and much of the body of theory developed in this period remains relevant (Campbell and Pritchard, 1983, pp. 63130). Three of the most influential of these theorists were B. F. Skinner, Abraham Maslow, and Frederick Herzberg (steers and Porter, 1991, p. 202).

The motivational theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and Skinner are, essentially, drive theories. While they are drive theories, they have also provided the bases upon which most other types of effective motivational techniques for application within organizational environments have been developed (Luthans, 1991, pp. 170171).

Motivational theories are directly related to the process of learning (Maslow, 1966, p. 13). By learning is meant the process by which an individual is able to change her or his behavior in some constructive manner (Skinner, 1953, pp. 5961). Three basic theories of learning are (1) trial and error, (2) conditioned response, and (3) insight. With the trial and error approach, the individual learns by attempting different solutions to a problem until he or she discovers which one of the alternatives work best (Skinner, 1953, p. 64). The role of the leader, or teacher, in this approach is to give the person some direction by leading her or him towards certain techniques which may assist in problem solution. Through this type of learning process, individuals must learn to employ the trial and error approach in onthejob situations.

The theory underlying the conditioned response approach is that of learning through habit formation (Skinner, 1953, pp. 5058). Conditioned response learning is frequently ...

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Public Sector in Saudi Arabia INTRODUCTION Introduction and Purpo. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 19:57, April 30, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1700282.html