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Computed tomography scans

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Computed tomography scans (CT) have found wide application in many fields, and particularly in neurosurgery, where they can give the surgeon detailed information about the brain (Wilkins, 1996). Tumors of the head and neck can be treated with high precision radiotherapy only if the patient is accurately immobilized; the target is precisely defined; the non-target areas are also precisely defined; and 3-dimensional target conforming treatment planning, simulation, and verification is carried out (Gademann et al, 1991). Tumors of the head and neck can be treated effectively primarily or after total or subtotal resection. Because of the close proximity of radiosensitive organs, and because the tumor is localized, local treatment is preferred.

A study was conducted by Gademann et al (1991) to evaluate the clinical applicability and the advantages of a treatment system which integrates all the above factors for precision radiotherapy of head and neck tumors. CT scans were completed on all 41 patients in th study, but because of poor tumor delineation on the CT scans, 18 patients also had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. The target was defined on the MRI slices and electronically transferred to the matching CT slices for dose calculations. Overall, the technique appeared to work successfully in delivering radiotherapy precisely to its target: now the correct doses need to be deduced. However CT scanning played a considerable role in setting up the technique.

. . .
CT scans. CT scans proved much more sensitive than regular x-rays in detecting synchronous cancer in these patients. Groeli, Doerffler, Schaffler and Habermann (2001) conducted a study of 27 patients with biopsy-proven head and neck carcinoma to evaluate the impact of delayed scans on the conspicuity of helical CT scanning. The patients underwent dual-phase helical CT scanning using nonionic contrast material. The early phase started 30 seconds after the injection was given. To study the late phase, the patients were split into two groups: in the first group, the delayed phase started 180 seconds after the start of the injection, and in the second group 300 seconds after the start of the injection. The study showed that the tumor conspicuity was better in the late scans with a 180 second delay (better in 62 percent of patients) than in either the late phase with 300 seconds delay (better in 43 percent of patients) or in the early phase. The early phase scans provide optimal vascular enhancement and so are necessary for helical CT studies of the head and neck. However, additional delayed scans may improve lesion detection in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. CT scanning is not the only meth
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2423
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)

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