for battle. Warfare was not glorified as such, but for its results. Senseless slaughter was condemned in favor of more "rational and moral behavior" and the controlled use of force, which served the interests of state (Kiernan and Fairbanks, p. 49). Tomio said China's "oldest book on warfare (the Sun Tzu [about B.C. 600-700], . . . "is a masterpiece of cunning, trickery and tactical exploitation of the enemy" (p. 171). The Chinese stress on mind over brawn in devising military strategy is captured by Sun Tzu's statement: "To win in victory a hundred battles is not the height of skill: to subdue an enemy without fighting I call the highest skill" (Tomio, p. 205).
According to Holcombe, the martial arts "originated with Daoist exercises" (10). Those exercises or gymnastics in turn expressed fundamental Taoist philosophical and religious beliefs. Despeux said the Taoist Canon "treats
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