social class divisions. From the earliest colonial times, men of influence had received land grants from the crown and had presided over growing estates. The regions that became the first 13 states had their restrictive laws and practices which shut out certain segments of society while inviting in others. In all but Pennsylvania, only property-owning white males could vote or hold office, and excluded were all Native Americans, persons of Africa descent, women, indentured servants, and white males without sufficient property. Property qualifications for holding office were higher than for being able to vote, thus making it certain that the government would be headed only by members of a largely wealthy elite (Parenti 49-50).
The Founding Fathers came from this elite group, and they had specific concepts they wanted to include in the new Constitution and also certain interests they wanted to protect. Many of these men were linked together by kinship, marriage, and business dealings. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia wanted a stronger central power than had existed under the old Articles of Confederation. They wanted a body that could accomplish certain tasks the old governing body could not: 1) to resolve problems among the thirteen states regarding trade and duties; 2) to protect overseas commercial and diplomatic interests; 3) to propagate effectively the financial and commercial interests of the affluent class; and 4) to defend the wealthy from the competing claims of other classes within society. The framers saw an increasingly insurgent spirit among the people and wanted to stop it (Parenti 49-52).
Charles Beard pointed out the economic substructure of the Constitution. Beard finds that the arguments offered by the Founders showed that they were interested primarily in deriving economic advantage:
Specifically, Beard contended, the Framers drew up the Constitution in order to protect...