Philosophy & Christian Beliefs

The word philosophy comes from two Greek words that mean "loving wisdom." The Greek philosopher Socrates wrote of the unworthiness of the unexamined life. Other Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle focussed on the concept of "goodness" in philosophy. In contrast, modern philosophers are concerned with a much broader range of topics. Modern philosophy is divided into two branches: analytic and speculative. Analytic philosophy is also referred to as conceptual analysis. Analytic philosophers attempt to identify the basic, unquestioned concepts and principles of human beings. Speculative philosophy goes beyond analytic philosophy in that it introduces questions of ethics, e.g., how humans ought to be and act.

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of thought regarding the free will of humans, Christians adhere more to the theories of soft determinism, libertarianism, and the two-level theory. Determinism is the belief that all events are controlled by previous actions. Soft determinism also acknowledges the existence of voluntary behavior which, in the absence of external constraints, can be traced to the free will. Libertarianism claims that humans are self-determining beings. The two-level theory contends that human action is based on reasons, or purposes. Although philosophers debate about the survival of humans after death, Christians believe in immortality. Christians support the philosophical doctrine of the "minimal-person." Supporters of this view include Tertullian, Thomas Aquinas, and Paul Helm. The minimal-person doctrine claims that after death a "mental remnant" of the deceased survives. This mental remnant recalls its previous life and, although it is disincarnate, will receive a new body during the resurrection. In defending the theory of the existence of other minds, most Christians believe that examining the argument using the analogy method is the most reasonable. Using the analogy approach: "We assume that if a given phenomenon A is consist
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