ts learn and assimilate social norms and develop more effective social skills (NIDA, 2001). Peer encounters are the most significant element of the group process in the TC. Peer encounters in the TC rely on active confrontational procedures to heighten each patientÆs awareness of the image, attitudes, and conduct that he or she needs to modify. The focus of the encounter session is on behavior and group leaders draw the material for the encounter from peer and staff observations of the resident's daily conduct (Nielsen & Scarpitti, 1997, p. 279.).
The TC process also relies on a system of explicit rewards to reinforce the value of earned achievement. Expected behavior norms are strictly upheld and reinforced. Specific ôcontingenciesö û rewards and punishments û apply to behaviors that demonstrate the presence or absence of self-control and responsibility (NIDA, 2001). In particular, TCs absolutely pro
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