be manifest in social action.
At the very least we can say that Rousseau's theory about morality would allow consideration of affirmative action. If we look at a disadvantaged person, and we consider that his disadvantage in employment or education is due to forces beyond his control, forces which are or were a part of the socioeconomic and political structure, then our compassion and unselfishness should lead us to take some concerted and organized social action which would reverse the prejudicial and unjust results of those forces.
Hinman's exploration of Kant's moral theory is flawed, and this flaw becomes apparent when we apply Kant's theory and Hinman's critique to the question of racial justice through affirmative action. Kant calls for moral dutifulness---doing what is right morally even if we are inclined to do otherwise. We cannot know whether Kant would side with those
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