nsure uniformity in the application of the law (1990, Fall, p. 549).
Newbauer (1992, Summer) said some state appellate courts issued arbitrary rulings reversing convictions because of minor errors "such as misspellings in the indictment and the like" (p. 80). Structural reforms were undertaken in many states, from the 1940s onward, including more intermediate-level appellate courts, more judges and better-trained staffs, which enabled appellate judges to scrutinize more carefully lower court proceedings for error. Kagan et al. (1978, May) said that "state supreme court case loads . . . have been brought under greater control" (p. 965). They say such courts "in criminal cases, . . . more frequently reversed the lower courts" (p. 999). The Warren Court rulings on the rights of criminal defendants greatly expanded possible constitutional gr
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