CAI Program NATURE OF THE STUDY Statement of th

(1) Drill and Practice: Sometimes termed "electronic flashcards," drill and practice activities as a CAI method commonly involve first presenting the learner with the problem. The learner then responds to the problem.

If the response is correct, the learner receives some form of reward (praise, bells ringing, etc.) and then proceeds to the next problem. If the response is incorrect, there may also be some smaller reward followed by further instruction and then a computer urging of the student to try the problem again.

The purpose of drill and practice is to reinforce instruction. According to Mandrell and Mandrell, this form of CAI works particularly well with certain subjects such as math, spelling, or geography. However, as with other forms of CAI, learning is maximal when the software used for the purpose is of high quality.

As to why this form of CAI works so well, the authors state that this is due to the fact that the computer "is a patient teacher," that willingly repeats and repeats an exercise until it is learned. Also, this method of CAI provides immedi

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fects of Computer Assisted Instruction on a sample of fifth grade students. Significance of the Study There are several reasons why it is important to conduct research that examines for the effects of CAI on student achievement. The first reason involves the fact that computers have become one of the pivotal components of social change in American society, including that of the educational system, and appear to be becoming increasingly integrated into the culture. This point has been made by Vander-Zanden (1990), who reports that few technological changes have had a greater impact on people's lives than that of computers. According to Vander-Zanden, computers have affected American society in the following meaningful ways. (1) Computers Expand Human Options. In the last 25 years, computers have become faster, smaller, and cheaper; as a result, they have become available to literally millions of Americans. In addition, computers have and are becoming increasingly more powerful and capable of performing myriads of tasks and activities. An example of the kinds of power and capability held by modern computers is provided by Vander-Zanden (1990) in his discussion of J. David Powell, a professor of aeronautics and astron
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