e child has trouble learning how to function in society and how to interact with either adults of the opposite or same sex (depending upon which parent is "missing")("Single-Parenting", 2001).
Single parenting can also cause disruptions in the family such as conflict with a former spouse and lack of communication and involvement with children, lack of parental investment in and attachment to children; these have all created a vulnerability to various problems in youth (Shifflett & Cummings, 1999). Interparental conflict, usually the cause of divorce in couples, can especially cause problems
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