me persons to consider suicide (Sanders and ì
Giolas, 1991, pp. 50-54). The cycle of hopelessness, depression, ì
the loss of self-esteem, and suicide ideation involves such ì
factors as a failure to develop effective interpersonal skills, ì
ineffective social integration, and dysfunctional interpersonal ì
relationships (Jean-Gilles and Crittenden, 1990, pp. 323-329).ì
The behavioral modification intervention was designed to ì
increase the level of a person's self-esteem. The factor that ì
was measured in the behavioral modification research was a ì
person's self-perception in relation to interpersonal ì
interactions involving the subject.ì
An A-B single-subject design characterized the behavior ì
modification intervention. The setting for the intervention was ì
a clinic conference room. The initial step in the A-B ì
intervention involved meeting with the subject twice weekly for a ì
period of six weeks (a total of 12 meetings) to establish a ì
baseline assessment of the subject's self-perceptions in relation ì
to interpersonal interactions involving the person. Subject ì
self-perceptions were measured by having the subject complete the ì
Index of Self-Esteem (ISE) near the end of each biweekly meeting ì
during the initial six weeks of the experiment (Hudson, 1992, p. ì
The ISE is a 25-item instrument, a copy of which is attached ì
to this study as an appendix. Each of the 25 items on the ISE
7 á2 ìèprovides a measurement of a respondent's self-perception related ì
to interpersonal interactions. The self-perceptions reflect a ì
Responses to the items on the ISE are provided for on a ì
seven-point scale. The scale requires a respondent to indicate ì
the frequency of a specific self-perception on a continuum that ì
ranges from "none of the time" to "all of the time." An ISE ì
...