erpretation" of their social, racial and economic roles in the United States. Grossman makes clear that life and work in the North certainly brought to blacks a new perspective on their place in society, but at the same time their acceptance of racial categories and relations meant that there were limits on this new life. Blacks worked in a white world, and the lives they shaped in response to the power of that white world centered on maintenance of segregation. Even "when options existed, most migrants apparently chose the comfort and familiarity of black institutions" (8). This led to the creation of black ghettos in the North, with two separate but unequal societies emerging.
Grossman concludes that the migration was a failure in terms of meeting the high hopes of black migrants, but it can also be seen as the beginning of the movement of blacks fro
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