he region shifted from the Ottoman Empire to Europe, leading to the colonial era.
The various authors note that the geography and climate of Africa south of the equator is more complex than it is to the north. The people in the southern part of Africa speak languages that are related as part of a subfamily called Bantu, with the closest relations outside the region being the languages of southern West Africa. The people who do not speak Bantu languages are all found in the dry zones of the north-east and the south-west. These authors further consider the effects of the coming of the nations of Europe to different parts of Africa in turn, addressing the different issues raised in Northern Africa, Southern Africa, West Africa, East Africa, and Central Africa during the course of the nineteenth century. Overall, these regions were each addressed by different nations of Europe in search of raw materials. Some regions became target sites for settlers from Britain, Germany, and Portugal in particular. The German government promoted settlement for its own sake, while the British were not so inclined to favor settlement or settlers. These authors then show the differences between the effect of the trading companies, which exploited the people and the area in one way, and the settlers, who had quite a different view of the land and the people and who in many ways created more turmoil than did the economic exploiters.
Southern Africa took longer to achie
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