d lactate concentration; decrease in plasma glutamine; increase in uric acid and creatine kinase concentrations (reflecting muscle overtraining); changes in morning heart rate; and changes in initial heart rate response to orthostatic stress.
Some believe that overtraining is individualized to a particular athlete, while others believe that there are different forms of overtraining for different sports, e.g. sprinters and power athletes, and young, inexperienced athletes are thought to develop sympathetic overtraining, whereas endurance athletes are thought to develop parasympathetic overtraining (Uusitalo, 2001). Sympatheti
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