n Macedonia he was recalled by the Roman general Pompey the Great (Sumner, 1973, p. 19).
Cicero occupied himself with literature until 51 BC, when he accepted an assignment to govern the Roman province of Cilicia as proconsul. He returned to Rome in 50 BC and joined Pompey, who had become Caesar's bitter enemy. After Pompey was defeated by Caesar in 48 BC, Cicero, realizing that further resistance was hopeless, accepted Caesar's overtures of amity. While Caesar was virtual dictator of Rome, Cicero lived as a private citi
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