Teton. The main peoples encountered by European explorers of present-day South Dakota were the Arikara, and most of them were in the Sioux federation, including Yankton, Yanktonai, and the Lakota Sioux (whom Europeans called the Teton), composed of the Oglala, BrulT, Two Kettle, Sans Arc, Blackfoot Sioux, Hunkpapa, and the Minneconjou; and the Dakotas, composed of the Sisseton, Wahpeton, Mdewakanton, and the Wakpekute. The last two are also known together as the Santee. Arikaras were farmers who lived in villages of earthen lodges, mainly along the Missouri River. By contrast, the other Sioux peoples were seminomadic. At their settlements near Mille Lacs in east central Minnesota, the Lakota gathered food, fished, and farmed, but twice a year they traveled west beyond the Missouri River to hunt animals in the area of present-day South Dakota (Utley, 1994, p. 4).
In the 17th century û the time of European contact, when they enter the historical written record û the Sioux comprised small bands of woodland p
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