were black. Rates of female juvenile offenders are less than those of males, however female arrests for violent offenses have increased 25% and rates for property crime have increased 21% (MacLellan, 2000, pp. 1-4).
Although research demonstrates the prevalence of violent juvenile crime, it presents multiple, inconclusive views regarding other aspects such as causes and treatment. Studies provide information from individual theoretical perspectives, and each lacks consideration of another. A comprehensive overview regarding these conflicting views, would integrate the existing information.
Research demonstrates that violent crime results from many interacting risk factors which include individual, relationship, situational, and community aspects. Understanding these and other possible causes of youth violence is important since juveniles with more risk factors are found to engage in violence from five times to twenty times more often. Gender, age, and race
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