Brief Essays on Different Topics
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(A) Do all national or ethnic groups have the right to independence? In the best of all possible idealistic worlds - such as that envisioned by American president Wilson immediately after World War I - the answer would have to be "Yes." This not being an idealistic world, however, this writer must take the position of those in the Realistic school of international relations and conclude that, no, independence for every national/ethnic group cannot be a right. This conclusion is based upon two factors: fear and the "balance of power" perspective. Fear is a difficult motivation to concede, but it is a reality nevertheless. Bosnia, the dissolving ex-Soviet Union and the Palestinian diaspora unbalancing the Middle East all stand as examples of how ethnic nationalism works against international peace and stability. In "moral" terms, of course, one must recognize the right of the individuals in every ethnic group to have opportunities of expression and accomplishment within the state in which they reside, i.e. basic human rights. Those basic rights, however, do not necessarily extend to a pro forma acceptance of an ethnic group on the state level. As a matter of balance of power, not all states can be equal - and not all ethnic groups can be accepted as states. Size does matter on the international stage: the larger the state, the more easily it fits into balance of power equations. (Again, this is from the Realist's perspective, which seems to most logically evaluate
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lican" Iraq) that, because it "had no defense treaty with Kuwait," the U.S. would not intervene on that smaller country's behalf. Calling upon past border disputes that had not been settled - plus a "republican" aversion to the monarchy of Kuwait - Saddam Hussein's war-seasoned army seized the tiny country in an overnight invasion in August 1990.
C.Static Selection: At the time of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, additional actors in the U.S. role came into play: the U.S. and global economy and all petroleum-related industries. The invasion destabilized the oil-production status quo - which, in turn, mobilized Congress to take an active interest in an area of foreign policy it had previously taken for granted as President Bush's turf.
D.Action as Rational Choice.
1.Goals and Objectives: The goal of the Bush Administration from the very first was clear - to return the situation in the Middle East to its pre-invasion status quo. As a secondary goal, it was considered necessary by George Bush that, in this first conflict in the post-Cold War era, the U.S. assert itself as the dominant power in the "New World Order."
2.Options: From the beginning, due to the military nature of Iraq's action, military deterrence was the first opti
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2213
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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