Codependency
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Considering that the concept of codependency is wellentrenched in the minds of professionals and non-professionals whose lives revolve around the treatment of chemical dependency, substance abuse, and various other compulsive disorders, it is surprising that very little empirical research exists on the phenomenon. In fact, a review of the scant research that is available, brings to light an ironic situation. It would seem that there was more of an attempt to conduct empirical research on the issue of codependency before it became a popular, wellaccepted term. One wonders if the unquestioning, universal acceptance of the term "codependent" has had the effect of obviating the need for empirical justification, at least in the minds of those who categorize and treat people afflicted with this disorder. A search of the literature in 1990 is disappointing. Brewer, Sawadski, and Lincoln (1990) investigated a sample of 803 patients in order to assess factors which may be associated with co-dependents and chemical dependents who complete a specific treatment regimen. Their goal was to identify variables that predict patients who finish treatment versus those who do not. They start with the assumption that codependency is a proven, viable condition that is "characterized by preoccupation and extreme dependence on another person . . . [and] delusion, denial, compulsions, frozen feelings, low self-esteem and stress-related medical complications" (p. 654). They describe their tre
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wanted to mesh psychological, social and environmental factors in more concrete, testable hypotheses. Kogan and Jackson (1965) conducted a series of studies which looked at the degree to which women with alcoholic husbands exhibit personality disturbance, and how this disturbance may be mediated by environmental stressors and personal childhood experiences. The life history reports, current life stressors, and MMPI scores of 45 wives of active alcoholics were compared with the same information for 45 wives of nonalcoholics. Correlations of the resulting data revealed that there were differences between the two groups of wives, but these differences were of quantity as opposed to kind. A constellation consisting of a dyad of childhood events (Inadequate Mother and Childhood Unhappiness), a greater number of personal sources of stress, and greater personality dysfunction, "all occurred with significantly greater frequency in wives of alcoholics than wives of non-alcoholics (Kogan & Jackson, 1965, p. 604). However, this constellation occurred in both wives of alcoholics and wives of non-alcoholics. In general, "Women who reported an inadequate mother and childhood unhappiness were more likely to experience both personal sources
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Approximate Word count = 1945
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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