Church & State in Ecuador
Because of profound changes in the Church a
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Because of profound changes in the Church and the world, the once burning issue of separation of Church and state in Ecuador has largely vanished as a major national concern. No longer does the Church fight for privileges and temporal supremacy over the state. Rather, its interest is to alleviate, through Christ's teachings and the sacraments, the suffering of those who yearn for social justice, equality of opportunity, and a meaningful Christian life. CHURCH AND STATE: THE ECUADORIAN CASE The revolutionary turmoil that swept through South America early in the nineteenth century stripped Spain of her mainland American colonies and created a number of new independent states. After 300 years of domination by the Spanish monarchy, the new nations were free to form their laws in accordance with their own aspirations and political ideals. In Ecuador, the advent of independence brought two distinct philosophies of self rule into conflict. One held that adherence to the principles of Roman Catholicism was the only bulwark against anarchy. The other, inspired by the revolutionary and secular ideals emanating from North America and Europe, advocated a state committed to democracy and individual freedoms, particularly liberty of conscience. Tracking the antagonism and collaboration between the Ecuadorian Church and state is the key to understanding Ecuador as a Catholic nation in the twentieth century, and the history of these two powerful entities in Ecuador illuminates the
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tting them to communal life. These measures divided the clergy into two groups: Ecuadorian and European. The Italians sought to control the bountiful resources of the communities, exaggerating the vices of the Ecuadorian monks, who were treated harshly and even imprisoned. Finally, in July 1867 the Italian superiors decreed that the Ecuadorians should leave the Mother House in Quito. The Ecuadorians responded with a procession that resembled a popular demonstration (Robalino Davila, Garcia Moreno 263 71). In the years that followed, Dominican monasteries controlled by Italians (some of which rivaled the Ecuadorians in their religious laxity) were brutally "reformed." Squads of soldiers arrested supposedly corrupt and revolutionary monks and exiled them to the eastern jungles (Robalino Daila, Garcia Moreno 266 67). These measures widened the schism between the two factions in Quito.
Garcia Moreno's assassination in 1875 marked the end of his almost sixteen year rule and proved a watershed for Ecuador. By carrying Church claims to complete spiritual and temporal primacy to their logical conclusion, he had provided the Conservatives with their ideal and the Liberals with their rallying cry. From this time forward, Conservatives woul
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Approximate Word count = 9555
Approximate Pages = 38 (250 words per page)
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