of numbers, Strickland (1992) reports that, yearly, 10 million Americans and more than 100 million people world-wide experience the clinical symptoms of depression. Furthermore, there are indications that prevalence rates may be increasing (Sue, Sue & Sue, 1994).
Associations between prevalence and sociodemographics have been discussed by Regier and associates (1988). The authors report that socioeconomic status, educational levels, and personal attributes and qualities do not appear to be associated with differences in depression prevalence.
However, gender does appear to be related to differences in depression prevalence. In this regard, Strickland (1992) states that women experience roughly double the rate of depression as do males.
Behavioral Models of Depression and Empirical Tests of their
Despite some strong differences in behavioral models of depression, one factor that is common to all models is the postulate that the etiology of the disorder arises from reinforcement mechanisms and processes rath
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