Diabetes 1 & 2 & Glocose Control
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It is important to know the difference between the two types of diabetes and how they affect the person because they make a difference to the management of diabetes in the athlete and what trainers must be on the look out for, and how they must evaluate athletes and their performance. The two main types of diabetes are Type 1, which used to be known as juvenile diabetes because it usually becomes apparent in children and teenagers or young adults, and Type 2, which used to be called adult onset diabetes because it used to be more common in older adults but it can begin at any age (National, 2005). In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas no longer makes insulin, so it is necessary to either take insulin by injection or by the use of an insulin pump to supply the body with this vital hormone. Type 2 diabetes is usually the result of developing insulin resistance, that is, the body becomes less sensitive to the insulin the pancreas produces. At first the pancreas responds by producing more insulin to compensate for the added demand, but eventually it cannot meet the body's needs. When this occurs, oral medication is necessary to control the blood glucose levels. Being overweight and inactive increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and often losing weight and exercising regularly is sufficient to keep the blood glucose level within normal limits (90 to 130 mg/dL fasting, less than 180 mg/dL 1-2 hours after a meal). It is important to understand how glucose control is
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athlete, the response to exercise is quite different because of the resistance to the effects of insulin (Dawson, 2005). Exercise can improve Type 2 diabetes by inducing weight loss and regular physical activity. Exercise in the Type 2 diabetic athlete will seldom produce hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The Type 2 diabetic athlete actually achieves a physiologically improved state during and for several days after exercise, and improved insulin sensitivity in the peripheral tissues. This is partly due to upregulation of Glut-4 transporter recruitment. Exercise also helps preserve lean muscle mass. Use of sulfonyl ureas in Type 2 diabetic athletes may lead to hypoglycemia during exercise and use of Metformin has been associated with lactic acidosis during exercise, so Type 2 diabetic athletes using these medications to lower blood glucose need to be watched closely (Dawson, 2005).
All diabetic athletes need regular screening before sports participation to identify existing or developing complications of diabetes and assess the impact these will have on exercise tolerance (Boyajian-O'Neill et al, 2004; Dawson, 2005; Draznin, 2000). The treating primary physician or specialist should determine the appropriate level of activ
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Some common words found in the essay are:
, Exercise Type, Diabetes Association, Wunderlich Cavanagh, Adults Type, Retrieved Dec, diabetic athletes, type 1, type 2, Cavanagh PR, dawson 2005, Jones Et, blood glucose, Draznin MB, diabetic athlete, et al, et al 2004, al 2004, dec 10 2005, glucose levels, retrieved dec 10, 10 2005, boyajian-o'neill et al, type 2 diabetic, Diseases NIDDK,
Approximate Word count = 2336
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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