IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
A computer is a "device which performs pre-specified computations on any valid set of input data and delivers results within defined levels of accuracy" (Longley & Shain, 1986, 64). Computer-Assisted Instruction is the "use of a computer as an integral part of an instructional system, with the learner generally engaging in real-time interaction with the computer via a terminal" (Ellington & Harris, 1986, 36).
Nowadays it is hardly necessary to explain what a computer is--at least in the industrially developed countries. Yet, in instruction, mainframes, minicomputers, desktop and even lap computers are used. Yet, interactive instruction is coming of age through television. Yet, computers can be used as a component of an interactive television program. Moreover, CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction) can be used for group as well as individual instruction. Then, there is the problem of textual vs graphic vs audio-visual presentation modes. Indeed, the latest iteration of CAI has added still pictures to the text, and motion-pictures, and sound, and interaction between computer and learner. Three-dimensional presentation is now appearing on a computer screen near you.
In view of this multimedia interactive process, the question is no longer whether computers teach, but what is the most effective combination of computer-assisted media. After all, Programmed Instruction did not have to wait for computers to offer programmed and interactive instruction, and it did so in book or machine format.
The fundamental questions then are: (1) What presentation format is most effective for the learning of specific linguistic skills? (2) What teaching/learning methodology does the software offer for specific knowledge and/or skill acquisition? The nature of the presentation device becomes secondary to the nature of the courseware--as long as appropriate interaction is possible. A modern ...