at, in modern societies, these needs were generally met. Thus, it was Maslow's contention that other means had to be employed to motivate individual within organizational structures. Specifically, factors had to be introduced that would enhance an individual's opportunity to attain self actualization. In the 1990s, Harari (1994, pp. 30 32) continues to emphasize that individuals have an inner need to work productively, and that managers must take care not to stifle the efforts of employees to work productively.
Frederick Herzberg (1959, p. 160) developed a theory of job satisfaction that was also based in the concept of motivation the two factor model that is often confused with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The two factor model divided the factors involved in an individual's organizational life into hygiene factors and motivation factors. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two factor model are not identical. Herzberg (1966, pp. 110 121) included such factors as compensation, working conditions, an so forth in the hygiene g
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