many psychosocial problems, the study indicates that in at least some cases, these problems may be due to childhood sexual abuse.
Another assessment of the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse was conducted by Briere and Runtz (1988). Specifically, the authors examined the incidence and long-term effects of sexual abuse in a nonclinical sample of adult women. Approximately 15 percent of the 278 university women serving as subjects reported having sexual contact with a significantly older person before age 15 years.
On a modified version of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, these women reported higher levels of dissociation, somatization, anxiety, and depression than did nonabused women. Abuse-related symptomatology was positively associated with the age of the abuser, the total number of abusers, use of force during victimization, parental incest, completed intercourse, and extended duration of time.
What this study shows is that low self-esteem and depression are not the only negative psychological long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse. Th
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