ted by almost all governments from time to time, a more modern concept of international relations recognizes the role of non governmental entities both individuals and organizations in the addressing of transnational issues (Barnaby, 1988). In fact, many internationally oriented NGOs are officially recognized by, or through special affiliation with, the United Nations (Armstrong, 1986). Thus, the conduct of international relations is not the sole prerogative of governments, although no effective international actions will occur in the absence of participation by governments (Barnaby, 1988).
The conduct of international relations is also related to international law. Through international law, transnational agreements have been reached in some uncontroversial areas, such as telecommunications, mail, health, weather forecasting, air transportation, and sea transportation (Barnaby, 1988). The application of international law in controversial issues and issues which are perceived to impinge on national sovereignty, howeve
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