is, not reliant upon miracles or mysticism, but firmly grounded in concrete actions.
Eastern Europe also developed a strong Zionist tradition, in great part because of the writings of Nachman Syrkin, a Russian. He attempted to place the Zionist movement within a political framework, to describe Zionism as an economic issue as well as a social and cultural one. While not an overt Marxist, he explained the problems of the Diaspora in socialist terms:
Anti-Semitism is, according to Syrkin, endemic to bourgeois society, not because the bourgeois is anti-Semitic according to its principles (on the contrary), but because the internal tensions of capitalist society necessarily create the conditions which exacerbate relations between non-Jews and Jews (Avineri 131).
Finally, as the revolutionary socialist movement grew in the early part of the 20th century, socialist and Zionist thought began to converge with more force. Ber Borochov made an attempt to integrate fully Jewish nationalism with Marxist philosophy, creating a Marxist Zionism.
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