American Cities Fusfeld and Bates iden

Centralized management, according to Fusfeld and Bates, led to the centralization of production functions. In turn, centralized production functions concentrated employment opportunities at the locations of centralized production. Because of infrastructure characteristics, centralized production functions were located typically in central cities.

The decentralization of the corporation, according to Fusfeld and Bates, has occurred at both managerial and production levels. With decentralization, employment opportunities are also moved from central city locations to an array of widely separated locations.

While the corporation has decentralized, however, only a part of the population of the central city has moved along with the relocated corporate functions. That part of the central city population that has remained, according to Fusfeld and Bates, is comprised largely of racial and ethnic minorities that, in the revised economic structure, find themselves competing with one another for fewer and fewer jobs that are progressively concentrated in the lower wage levels.

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ll Question Hill describes three future trajectories of change for the city as "The Pariah City," "The State Capitalist City," and "The Socialist City." The Pariah City is perceived as an apartheid or reservation city, in which a disenfranchised minority (racial and ethnic) labor force is isolated by a monopolistic capitalistic society. The larger monopolistic capitalistic society provides revenue to the Pariah City through a process of revenue sharing. This revenue sharing process keeps the Pariah City barely alive, an controls the advance of minority populations. Minority groups (racial and ethnic) are permitted to gain political control of the Pariah City; however, such control is largely symbolic because to Pariah City has little to offer. The State Capitalist City is perceived as an integral unit of the larger monopolistic capitalistic economy. The State Capitalistic City is governed according to the principles of corporate planning, and the State Capitalistic City political structure is used to promote the wellbeing of the overall monopolistic capitalistic economy. In the context of political governance and control, the State Capitalist City represents and ever increasing centralization, in a period when corporation
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Approximate Word count = 1453
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)