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U.S. Criminal Court System |
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This research presents an overview of the criminal court system in the United States including both federal and state level courts. The Massachusetts court system is reviewed for the purpose of discussing state level courts. Both federal and state level court systems in the United States are organized into the two primary classifications trial courts and appellate courts. The trial courts, particularly at the state level, are characterized by multiple divisions based upon legal function, jurisdiction, character of the offense, and so forth. The appellate courts are differentiated as intermediate appeals courts and courts of last resort. In this overview of the criminal court system in the United States, federal and state level systems are considered separately. The trial and appellate classifications, together with the sub classifications of those elements of the criminal court system are reviewed in relation to both federal and state level court systems. Lastly, the discussions of the federal and state level court systems are concerned with criminal justice. Most of the courts discussed also hear civil cases, and the fact that civil jurisdictions and responsibilities are not addressed in these discussions is not to be taken to mean that the courts discussed have no such jurisdictions and responsibilities. The trial courts in the federal system are the United States district courts. There are two types of federal district courts those with both f
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s a division of the District Court Department of the Trial Court. The Boston Municipal Court is also a district level trial court, and is also a division of the District Court Department of the Trial Court. In Massachusetts, the Housing Court is also a division of the District Court Department of the Trial Court. The Housing Court processes only civil actions and small claims. The Land Court is also a department of the Trial Court that hears no criminal cases.
In some states the Municipal Court is a trial court at a slightly lower level than County Court. In Massachusetts, however, the only municipal court is the Municipal Court of the City of Boston which is a district level trial court.
The lowest level trial court is the Justice of the Peace Court or the Police magistrate court. This level trial court does not exist in all states, and there is no trial court at this level in Massachusetts.
Trial courts also include special courts designed to deal at the lowest judicial level with family and juvenile matters. These courts may are called Family Court or Juvenile Court in some states. In Massachusetts, this level trial court includes the Juvenile Court, which is a department of the Trial Court, and the Probate and Famil
Category: Government - U
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