Japanese & British Alliances Japan was a country isolated from

Japan was a country isolated from the rest of the world for most of her history. Japan is an island, making it difficult to access, and this fact also separated it from most of the history of other Asian nations. This began to change when the first European ships arrived and sought trade with different parts of Asia. Japan resisted for a time, but eventually the Japanese began to see certain defense and trade advantages in making alliances with different countries. Britain was one of the European countries seeking an alliance with Japan, and both Japan and Britain investigated such an alliance for the same reason--a fear of Russia and a desire to keep Russia at bay. The United States was the first to try to open Japan to the outside world, but Britain made diplomatic agreements with Japan that would last through the first two decades of this century and that would help shape the pre-World War I international scene. At the end of the nineteenth century, the first of several Anglo-Japanese alliance treaties came into being, offering each of the signatories some of what they wanted and creating a relationship that would last into the twentieth century. The British and the Japanese renewed their agreement twice, each time seeking some change in the basic agreement while reaffirming the need for an alliance.

In the era after the end of the empire of Napoleon III in 1871, Bismarck set out to keep France powerless and isolated, and his first step was to develop

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ware of their new responsibilities, and it also offered liberals and dissenters a degree of freedom of expression. The government abolished the samurai and eta classes, the latter having been limited for centuries to menial or humiliating occupations and an outcast social status. The intention of the leadership was to modernize rather than to Westernize. They chose the best model in each field of technology and administration and adopted them to make Japan powerful and a match for other nations. They did not intend to sacrifice tradition or the basic structure of their society. They did send students and statesmen abroad to learn about new ideas on which reforms could be based. This was an act of conscious cultural borrowing, always seeking the best model they could find from whatever source. They borrowed different ideas from different Western countries and instituted their own versions of them as needed. FIRST TREATY Japan was opened to the West in 1853 when Admiral Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay and found a country still in a feudal stage of development. This was a country that had isolated itself rigorously from the rest of the world, but Perry issued an order that Japan would have to open her markets or face the con

Category: Foreign - J