, degree of depression, self-esteem, stress, and substance usage will be assessed for four discrete experimental groups: (1) adoptees with a positive genetic family history of substance abuse problems; (2) adoptees with a negative genetic family history of substance abuse problems; (3) non-adoptees with a positive genetic family history of substance abuse problems; and (4) non-adoptees with a negative genetic family history of substance abuse problems. The next page graphically depicts the research design.
GENETIC HISTORY OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
ADOPTION STATUS Positive Negative
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The study's research problem can be characterized as an attempt to answer the fo
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