Interrelationship Between Family & Joining a Gang
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A variety of reasons underlie the disaffection of young people from their society and their families. One of these factors is abuse both physical and psychological perpetrated by someone in a position of trust or authority in the life of a young person (Howing, 1990a, pp. 244 249). One of the most debilitating outcomes of abuse experienced by a young person is a loss of self esteem (Ogata, 1990, pp. 1008 1013). Abuse, and the hopelessness and depression that often stems from abuse, frequently leads to a loss of self esteem (Madonna, 1991, pp. 46 49). The loss of self esteem leads many adolescents to consider suicide (Sanders and Giolas, 1991, pp. 50 54). Other adolescents, however, react in different ways. Some strike out at the society around them, while others seek acceptance and status in street gangs (Goldstein, 1991, pp. 219 220). The cycle of abuse, hopelessness, depression, the loss of self esteem, and suicide ideation, striking back at society, and seeking a new place in life through street gang affiliation involves such factors as a failure to develop effective interpersonal skills, ineffective social integration, and dysfunctional families (Jean Gilles and Crittenden, 1990, pp. 323 329). Statement of the ProblemStreet gang activity most certainly has adverse effects on the broader society, neighborhoods, and families (Barden, 1990, pp. 8 20). To state that gang activity necessarily has adverse effects on gang members, however, requires the perspective
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n, depression, and hopelessness in the adolescent members of such families. The Asarnow, Carlson, and Guthrie (1987, pp. 361 366) study examined the links between alienation, suicidal behavior, and coping strategy generation, and perceived family environments. To some extent, the Asarnow, Carlson, and Guthrie (1987, pp. 361 366) findings supported those of Kazdin, French, Unis, Esveldt Dawson, and Sherick (1983, pp. 504 510). Major differences existed between the two sets of findings, however, in two areas. First, when depressive measures were controlled, Asarnow, Carlson, and Guthrie (1987, pp. 361 366) found that the correlation between hopelessness measures and suicide attempts and suicide ideation, and alienation was no longer significant. This finding led the researchers to conclude that it was the combined effects of hopelessness and depression that led children to suicidal behavior and alienation, as opposed to either of the two factors acting alone.
Second, Asarnow, Carlson, and Guthrie (1987, pp. 361 366) found that the strongest predictor of suicidal behavior and alienation in adolescents was perceived family environment. The researchers found that adolescents prone to suicidal behavior and alienation were likely
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Approximate Word count = 2853
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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