NonVerbal & Cross-Cultural Communication

Axtell, R. (1991) Gestures: The dos and taboos of body language around the world. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Axtell discusses the power of nonverbal communication in a comprehensive book that is invaluable to tourists or business travelers. One section of the book describes the most common cultural gestures, e.g., greetings, insults, beckonings, etc. Another section explains gestures involving all major body parts. A country-by-country listing describes the types of nonverbal communication in common use throughout the world. Helpful illustrations assist the reader in comprehending gestures that would be difficult or impossible to visualize using the printed word alone.

Munter, M. (1993, May-June). Cross-cultural communication for managers. Business Horizons, 69-78.

Munter's research is geared toward helping managers be effective cross-cultural communicators. The author synthesizes information from a variety of disciplines--anthropology, psychology, linguistics, and organizational

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d more attractive by both cultures and Japanese faces were more often rated intelligent by Americans. One of the limits of this study is the narrow range of personality categories from which the viewers could choose. Kenner, A. (1993, Winter). A cross-cultural study of body-focused hand movement. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 263-280. Kenner studied nonverbal indicators of emotion in children approximately 10 years of age in state elementary schools in four major cities in Australia, Brussels, Rome, and England. The subjects were videotaped for 4 five-minute tasks--a monologue task (discussion of topic of own choice), a Stroop color confusion task, a control task (modified Stroop task), and a rest task (subjects were instructed to relax). Generally, the subjects showed some similarities in their mean body-focused hand movement frequencies. One of the limits of this study is that only European-oriented cultures were studied. Montepare, J. and Zebrowitz, L. (1993, Spring). A cross-cultural comparison of impressions created by age-related variations in gait. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 55-68. The authors studied Koreans' perception of the age, sex, and traits of 5 to 70 year old American subjects. The subject
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