of a heirarchy of human needs, and Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y model, which combines elements of psychology and psychiatry.
Until about 100 years ago, bureaucracies as we know them today were almost exclusively limited to the military, and a few unique institutions such as the Catholic Church. Most businesses, even large ones, were simply family firms writ big, with little formal organizational structure. As business and civilian government bureaucracies began to expand, Max Weber founded the field of sociology largely through his analysis of how bureaucracies work (Trompenaars and Woolliam, 2004, p. 13).
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