t on the morality of society without the ameliorating influence of the division of labor. Social solidarity puts pressure on the individual to conform to a set of mutually beneficial societal controls. Whereas this solidarity was brought about by similarities during the premodern era, the specialization that arose from the division of labor achieves this end in the modern era. Durkheim referred to the social solidarity of modernity as organic solidarity, "Society becomes more effective in moving in concert, at the same time as each of its elements has more movements that are peculiarly its own" (85).
Durkheim claims that the Industrial Revolution expanded the horizons of the individual to an excessive degree. The division of labor limits the individual's horizons by making him or her realize their continued stake in society. The division of labor helps the individual to concentrate his or her efforts by reinforcing the ties that create social solidarity (333).
Anomies occur in the ability of the division of labor to create solidarity where the relationships between its components are unregulated (304). Examples of anomies are bankrupt businesses, hostility between labor and capital, and excessive specialization. Anomies occur when the system of cooperation between the divisions of labor is not predetermined: "What [the division of labor] evokes are functions
...