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o lay claim to the Church's spiritual authority in secular matters, as well as to Church property of all kinds.

Thus it was that by 1188 Eugenius III was forced to "give up his resistance to the (secular) territorial ambitions of the Romans" on one hand. On the other, however, the Church and papacy sought, from 1088 onward, to establish an effective, manageable internal governance mechanism. One important step in thi

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