History of Punishment of Criminals
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Pratt, in his article "Emotive and ostentatious punishment" (Pratt, 2000, 417-439), traces the punishment of criminals through the ages, and notes how, as societies have evolved to more civilized status, they have turned away from the more violent forms of punishment such as flogging and public executions to more "civilized" forms of punishment, and even gone so far as constructing more esthetically pleasing prisons which do not offend the public, and developing transport systems so that the public do not see prisoners being transported back and forth between prisons and courts (423-424). There have been some fluctuations in recent history, he notes, where tougher measures have been reinstituted, e.g. the reinstitution of the death penalty in many states in America, and there are civilized countries in which more barbaric conditions and even torture are known to be carried out, but on the whole, that treatment of prisoners is much more refined these days than it was a century or two ago. Pratt admits that some parts of the United States, particularly the South, were slower to adjust, even having chain gangs up until the 1970s, and having much harsher prison conditions, but he blames this on the Civil War and the slave-owning background of these states which placed a lesser value on human life (Pratt, 2000, 429). One factor in which the United States lags behind the rest of the world is in the death penalty. Public executions were outlawed in the United States by the 19t
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alizes the futility of simply recycling people through the prison system. They see it is important that the victims play a central role, and should have the right to participate if they wish, in the process, so that the offenders have to face up to the impact of their crimes. They also believe it is important that offenders make amends and pay back society for what they have done. The public believe services and programs based on these principles will produce an effective response to crime, make communities safer and reduce offenses. They also believe that for some types of offenses, prison is simply inappropriate, particularly for those with mental illness, drug dependency, and women with child care responsibilities. They believe community sentences with associated programs and services are a more effective sentence for these groups and are supportive of services that meet these needs.
The public in Scotland are really concerned about reducing crime, and prevent re-offending (SACRO, 2002). They are against using prison for short sentences for those who are unable to pay fines, and for keeping people on remand while awaiting trial. They believe prisons should be reserved for the smaller number of more serious offenders wh
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2067
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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